The inset on the left depicts Charleston with its rectangular street grid pattern, below which is a picture of a ship at harbor. Often referred to as the "Catawba Deerskin Map," it was drawn on behalf of English colonial administrators to illustrate the strategically important network connecting Indian groups located on the South Carolina piedmont, and with South Carolina and Virginia. Library of Congress Geography and Map Division. Map of the several nations of Indians to the Northwest of South Carolina 1929. A cartouche in the upper left hand corner illustrates the chief of the Powhatan federation of Indians in council.Ĭatawba Deerskin Map Author unknown. Indeed, the Maltese crosses on each river indicates the extent of the party's actual personal knowledge, versus the remainder reported as being taken from instructions furnished to them by local Indians. The legend on the map and its concomitant symbols differentiates between areas and features that have been discovered by the English and those learned about by Native American informants. Sailing up the major rivers flowing into the bay from the west, Smith and his party encountered numerous Native American villages, in the process recording their names and populations. The copy here accompanied the 1624 edition of Smith's The generall Historie of Virginia. This map, based upon a three-month survey by boat by Captain John Smith and a small party of colonists, is the first published map of the Chesapeake Bay region. ![]() Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division. ![]() Discovered and Described by Captain John Smith, 1606. It includes information derived directly from Native American sources and observations, such as the names and locations of Native American villages, most palisaded as in their actual construction pictorial representations of individual Indians, taken from White's drawings native canoes in Pamlico Sound emblems for various species of trees and a heavily-forested mountain region that serves as the headwaters of the Roanoke River.įirst Published Map of the Chesapeake Bay Region, 1624 John Smith. The map covers the North Carolina Coastal Plain, including the Chesapeake Inlet, Pamlico and Albermarle sounds, and Roanoke Island, and extends westward to the sources of the rivers of the sounds. Their manuscript map of the Outer Banks was revised and engraved by Theodore de Bry, and published in 1590 to accompany his reprint of Harriot's A briefe and true report of the new found land of Virginia. Mathematician Thomas Harriot and artist John White were among the first English colonists settled at Roanoke Island in 1585. nostræ Reginæ Elisabethæ XXVII, hujus vero Historia peculiari Libro descripta est, additis etiam Indigenarum Iconibus. Walteri Raleigh, Equestris ordinis Viri, Anno Dn̄i. Americæ pars, nunc Virginia dicta: primum ab Anglis inuenta, sumtibus Dn. Manuscript Map of the Outer Banks, 1590 John White. ![]() ![]() Select the link on the map or in the caption to view a copy of the map that can be enlarge to view the detail. The maps in this section have been digitized by the Library and are available for viewing and download online. The Geography and Map Division does not have original examples of Native American cartography that pre-date European contact, but it has two eighteenth-century manuscripts created by Indians for use by Europeans and a few reproductions and facsimiles of other maps drawn by Indians. They complement the oral record, and they also help establish and clarify the Indians' role as guides and informants in furthering European explorations in North America. Maps drawn by Indians, as well as evidence of their contributions to European-created maps, are valuable and rare documents for studying Indian peoples' geographical knowledge and spatial understanding. The cartographic and geographic information provided by Indian guides could appear in the explorer's report and might eventually be incorporated into published maps. The indigenous population was often sought out by European explorers to guide or provide geographical information about unknown lands, and Indian guides were also often enlisted to provide reconnaissance data for military and commercial activities Responses to solicitations for geographic information were sometimes given in a cartographic format. Maps drawn by Indians and Indian mapping abilities have been documented in a number of sources, but because of their ephemeral nature, relatively few Indian-created maps exist today.
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